Crime Reduction

Mohammed N. M. Sayan ESL 0405 ESL Advanced Writing Date: February thirteenth, 2013 Dr. J. Parla Palumbo Topic: Crime Reduction Title: What would i be able to do to lessen wrongdoing? A huge number of violations happen everywhere throughout the world and increment exponentially consistently. As indicated by Nations Master’s site, in excess of twelve million wrongdoings submitted in the United states a year ago. â€Å"Crime measurements. † nationmaster. com. Quick Intelligence, 2002. Web. 25 February 2013. These wrongdoings have occurred because of high destitution rates and poor instruction system.Although there are more police to administer the avenues and severe discipline is being upheld, it is as yet insufficient to decrease wrongdoing. I accept there are numerous approaches to diminish wrongdoing; be that as it may, focusing on environmental factors, self-assurance, and taking some sound judgment precautionary measures are essential ways not to get ? nvolved in viol ations. Decreasing wrongdoing is a vocation for everybody. Most of wrongdoing is deft. For instance, resources left in see in a vehicle, an open window in an unfilled house, strolling alone on a dim road, conveying huge totals of money, opening your vehicle entryway, or leaving furniture and play things in the yard overnight.Criminals consistently look for individuals who don't focus on their environmental factors. To abstain from turning into a casualty, individuals must assume responsibility for their own wellbeing. There are no assurances against wrongdoing anticipation with the exception of their self-insurance which can help diminish the odds of turning out to be setback. For example, if there should arise an occurrence of outfitted burglar, it is ideal to hand over your wallet and don't avoid in light of the fact that â€Å"criminals would prefer not to get caught,† says Tony Farrenkopf, Ph. D. , a clinical and Forensic clinician in private practice in Portland.Dulce Za mora. â€Å"How to secure yourself against wrongdoing. † webmd. com. 2006. Web. . 25 February 2013. Risk might be hiding around any corner, and taking some presence of mind safety measures will shield them from conceivably risky circumstances. Initially, individuals can make it hard for crooks to deceive them. Each human has an inner caution which as a rule alarms them when they are strolling into a terrible circumstance. To calibrate their own alert, they should play it safe, for example, confiding in yourself, know about the eighborhood, focus on individuals around the zone, comprehend the impacts of liquor and sedates, and respond appropriately. These are on the whole guides to caution them before they get include in wrongdoing and inevitably help diminishing wrongdoing, as well. Crooks are continually searching for somebody who is defenseless. In this manner, each resident has an obligation to protect their encompassing regions by announcing any sorts of dubious exercises to the police. A few people arrangements a criminal caution framework in their property to ensure themselves against robbery orâ property damage.Others, preparing their watchman pooches to alarm them against peril. On the opposite side, government should likewise give high surveillance cameras in places where violations are oftentimes occur. Considering, individuals need to assume the liability so as to have a superior life by adhering to certain nuts and bolts rules, for example, self-insurance and safety measures. They may be straightforward however they are compelling in diminishing wrongdoing. As it's been said, counteraction is superior to fix. Works Cited Bustamante, Karina. â€Å"Reducing Crime. † Blogspot. 14 May 2008. Web. 25 February 2013 <http://reducingcrime. logspot. com/> â€Å"Crime insights. † nationmaster. com. Quick Intelligence, 2002. Web. 25 February 2013 <http://www. nationmaster. com/diagram/cri_tot_cri-wrongdoing all out crimes>. â €Å"Protecting yourself from wrongdoing and abuse†. Beechwood Neighborhood Coalition. <http://www. beechwood14609. com/records/chapter14. pdf>. Zamora, Dulce. â€Å"How to ensure yourself against wrongdoing. † webmd. 2006. Web. . 25 February 2013 <http://www. webmd. com/a to z guides/highlights/how-ensure yourself-against-crime>.

Value Added

Presentation Conventional money related announcing shows the firm’s uncover of the monetary situation of a firm (accounting report), the budgetary exhibition of the firm (salary articulation), and the development of (income proclamation) (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Value Added explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although these announcements are helpful after some time, they neglect to give significant data about the absolute efficiency of the firm and the portion of each group engaged with the administration of assets: investors, laborers, government, providers, clients, and different partners (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). Consequently, this paper will endeavor to show firm’s esteem expansion and how it is disseminated to the partners. Worth Added According to Haslam and Neale (2000) esteem included is the gathering of the riches earned through beneficial usage of the company’s assets, for example, r esources before it is dispersed to the proprietors, government, clients, loan bosses, representatives, providers and the general population as a rule. Worth included as characterized by Riahi-Belkaoui (1992) is the arrival produced by the firm to its proprietors, government, laborers, and capital suppliers, for example, loan bosses, provider and bondholders and it very well may be determined by adding profit before duty to the financing costs (intrigue) and finance costs. Likewise, esteem included might be determined by deducting costs caused during buying of the administrations or merchandise from the business income. Also, the distinction among yield and info clarifies successfully the idea of significant worth included, and truly this is what is utilized by the administration in figuring esteem included assessment. Wood (1978) characterizes esteem included as a proportion of the riches included or made and circulated by the organization through a movement like Corporate Social Re sponsibility (CSR) to different firm’s partners, for example, investors, government, loan bosses, providers, clients among others. Therefore, it estimates net rather than firm’s net yield. Also, International Labor Organization, IMF, OECD, UN, Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank (2004) characterizes esteem included as the difference between firm’s yield esteem made in a specific period and the firm’s input esteem obtained or bought from different organizations so as to deliver the yield. As a condition, esteem included can be outlined as demonstrated as follows; Value Added = Value of the Outputs †Value of the InputsAdvertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two manners by which worth included can be ordered; Gross Value Added (GVA) and Net Value Added (NVA). GVA is controlled by including deals income to some other sala ry created from different sources or administrations less bought administrations or crude materials from different organizations (Mandal and Goswami, 2008). GVA can be utilized to check commitment towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) made by the business or area or individual maker (OECD, 2001). Then again, NVA is the difference among deterioration and the GVA. NVA may likewise be resolved through the maker or producer costs or factor costs or fundamental costs (Eurostat, 2010). Regardless Cox (1979) proposed two techniques that can be utilized to figure esteem included; added substance strategy and subtractive strategy. Under the added substance strategy, esteem included is resolved as follows; Value Added = Profit/Earnings before charges + Employees’ cost + Depreciation + Taxation + Interest charges The added substance technique condition represents how riches can be dispersed to the loan bosses, workers, and government among different partners. Then again, subtractive strategy portrays how riches is earned or made and the accompanying recipe can be utilized to decide the worth included; Value Added = Sales + Services’ salary †Cost of deals/Services bought This implies, so as to decide the worth included one must utilize pay proclamation, which shows the misfortune or benefit made by the organization over a specific period like one year or quarter of semi-yearly, and how it is determined just as appropriated. What's more, much the same as pay articulation, esteem included explanation shows esteem included by the firm over some undefined time frame just as how it is resolved and appropriated to the stakeholders.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Value Added explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, returns apportioned to workers incorporate compensations, compensation and the staff costs; to government incorporate enterprise duty and annual expense; to investors is profits; to business is held b enefits; and lenders is the offer capital’s profits and enthusiasm on the credit. In basic terms, benefit is controlled by deducting all business costs from deals. While esteem included is difference between income acquired in the wake of selling the company’s item and administrations and crude materials costs bought to produce these administrations or products. In fact, benefit is the worth included less the expenses of significant worth expansion by the firm. An Example To show the Value-Added Statement Analysis, BT Plc is utilized for instance. The accompanying table show the worth included that is figured from the BT Plc budget reports for the period finished March 31, 2011. From the announcement, the BT Plc’s esteem included is  £10,355 million, which additionally applies to different partners.  £ â€Å"million† Sales Revenue/Turnover 20,449 Less: Cost of materials/administrations purchased 10,094 Value Added 10,355 Applied To Employees (Wages Sa laries) 4,798 To Providers of Finance (Lenders †Interest) 861 To Providers of Capital (Shareholders †Dividend) 543 To Government (Payment of Corporation Tax, Income Tax) 213 To Maintenance and Expansion of Assets (Depreciation Retained Profits) 3,940 10,355 Table 1: BT Plc Value-Added Statement The worth included idea is a significant apparatus for evaluating the firm’s execution whose activities affect the financial and social prosperity of the general public. It perceives different donors who have made commitments to the way toward producing the worth like the administration, investors, lenders and representatives. Connection between esteem included, income and benefit and firm’s deals execution A solid relationship exists between the firm’s budget summaries, in that the worth included, benefit and income are emphatically identified with the firm’s deals execution. In the first place, the firm’s benefit relies emphatically upon the firm ’s deals execution just as its objective. This implies if the BT isn't making any benefit one would effortlessly take a gander at the firm’s deals spending plan and execution. What's more, if deals execution is poor, this infers the firm is making misfortunes. On the other hand, on the off chance that the firm is progressively beneficial this implies the firm sold more units and surpassed its spending plan. Be that as it may, now and again high benefit doesn't infer high deals. For example, the firm may buy items from the provider at a lower cost, with a desire that it will offer the equivalent to shoppers in gigantic volumes at a more significant expense, along these lines anticipating high benefit. On the off chance that the firm doesn't sell the normal volume, this implies the firm may wind up with old stock and misfortunes (Heshmati and Loof, 2006).Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More BT Plc requires capital with the end goal for it to make due just as for it to embrace future interest in new resources. The money is utilized to buy assets used to fabricate administrations or merchandise, which are then sold. This procedure is known as income cycle, which includes the development of firm’s salaries and consumptions for a while. Income as a crucial piece of the firm is connected with firm’s deals execution. On the off chance that the firm sells administrations or merchandise, the volume of deals decides what amount is earned by the firm. In this manner, if the firm is productive, the firm’s deals execution is superb coming about to additional option of money to pattern of the income. Despite what might be expected, if firm’s deals execution is poor, the firm might be not able to put more money to the pattern of income as it had foreseen. Along these lines, most organizations flop because of deficient income rather than gainfulness (Heshma ti and Loof, 2006). The worth included proclamation reflects how BT Plc makes riches and how riches is disseminated to the partners. Income is created when administrations or products are sold, not when the money is paid. Consequently, for credit deals, the hour of deals is before the money is required. The income can likewise be considered as the beginning stage for benefit. In any case, the exact relationship isn't really straight that is each dollar of additional income doesn't really mean an additional dollar of benefit for two primary reasons: (1), the nearness of roundabout variable and fixed expenses and duties. Various firms have various degrees of outfitting in a roundabout way factor costs that regularly differ non-straightly with the yield, while the fixed costs, which are estimated as a level of all out expenses are working costs like lease, will be steady. In this manner when deals increment, the benefit will too expand (Heshmati and Loof, 2006). (2), as a business deve lops and builds its benefit, it requires progressively capital. In any case, the expense of capital doesn't remain the equivalent in view of the measure of hazard that capital suppliers see in putting resources into the organization. This implies bigger firms speak to bring down hazard. In this way, it tends to be seen that there is a non-linearity among benefit and EVA and, henceforth, a non-linearity among deals and EVA (Referenceforbusiness, 2010). Blade

Improving Reading Comprehension in Students With ADHD

Improving Reading Comprehension in Students With ADHD ADHD School Print How to Improve Reading Comprehension in Students With ADHD Strategies for Increasing Reading Comprehension and Recall By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Annie Engel / Cultura / Getty Images Reading comprehension can sometimes be a challenge for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).?? In order to grasp the reading material, a student must be able to recognize and decode words as well as sustain attention and effort. Reading comprehension requires the ability to effectively use working memory and process information in an efficient and timely manner. Because children with ADHD have deficits in these areas, reading can be difficult. While research shows that treatment of ADHD is important in improving reading skills,?? there are other strategies these students can use to improve literacy.   Expose Children With ADHD to High-Interest Literature Have a kid with ADHD whos struggling to read well? Try giving such children books about subjects that actually interest them. If a student likes trains, for instance, have the child read a book about the topic. Giving children books about topics they enjoy can help them do a better job of recalling what theyve read.?? During the process, teach the student a variety of literacy strategies, including how to become an active reader. Students with ADHD will have an easier time maintaining attention on reading passages that are exciting, stimulating, and of shorter length. Help Students With ADHD Stay Focused Minimize outside distractions during reading time.?? Some students do better reading in quiet places, while  others prefer white noise, such as background sounds or music while reading. Allow the student to read in chunks of time, taking breaks to move around and refocus. Teach students how to use a bookmark to keep their place on the page. Slide the bookmark down the page one line at a time. When reading longer passages, help students break down reading material into shorter segments so it is not as overwhelming. Teach Active Reading Strategies Teach active reading strategies like underlining and note-taking.?? Provide students with both regular and colored pencils, colored pens and highlighters, and post-it-notes. Use post-it-notes to jot down points to remember. Use various colors for highlighting important points or passages. Use pencils or markers to underline, star, circle, etc. If the student is not able to write in the book, one option is for the parent to purchase a second copy of the book so that the student can highlight key information. Another option is to provide a photocopy of the material. Strategies to Help Kids With ADHD Succeed in School Walk the student through this process, explaining and modeling strategies, highlighting important points together. Continue to provide this guided practice to help the student develop competence with this “active reading” skill and others. Preview Content to Improve Reading Comprehension Preview content with the student. Summarize key points of the material to be read in the same sequence as it appears in the passage. Provide general information about the topic area, setting, characters, conflicts in the story, etc. Before the student begins reading a passage, walk him through several previewing techniques by reviewing the title of the reading selection, headings, illustrations, bolded or italicized sentences, sidebars, and chapter questions. Talk about how the reading material is organized. Teach students how to find introductory paragraphs and summary paragraphs. Use story maps to help students identify and organize the main components of the reading material.?? Review and provide definitions for any new vocabulary that will be found in the reading sections. Teach Kids to Quietly Read Aloud   Teach the student how to subvocalize when reading. In contrast to silent  reading, subvocalizing means saying the words youre reading aloud but very softly. Others should not be able to hear the student reading. Reading aloud is a good strategy to help with comprehension,?? but for some students, it slows down the reading process and can be frustrating. Silent reading can be hard for kids with attention issues. The auditory input they receive from subvocalizing often helps these students  focus on the text. Use Monitoring Methods Teach students techniques to monitor how well they understand what theyre reading. Practice paraphrasing and summarizing paragraphs, asking questions about the material while reading, making predictions about what may happen next, and rereading for better clarity. The teacher can model this skill by reading aloud to students and  stopping at various points in the text to comment on the mental processes related to reading comprehension. When students read material they may benefit from using a tape recorder to summarize these processes with guided help from the teacher. Another idea is for the teacher to help the student underline key ideas. Have the student read the highlighted points into the tape recorder, replay, and then talk about those ideas. Some students benefit from visualizing material, illustrating points, making diagrams and pictures to increase recall and comprehension of the main elements in a passage.?? Give Students More Time to Read Allow the student extended time for reading. Many students with ADHD who have weaknesses in working memory and  a slower speed of processing information benefit from additional time to read and comprehend the material.?? This extended time gives the student ample opportunity to effectively  process the material. With more time, they can  look back to clarify any confusion and reread the text for better understanding. Reading Challenges for Children With ADHD

The Sword in the Stone of the Arthurian Legend Essay

The Sword in the Stone of the Arthurian Legend King Arthur and the knights of the round table belong to a long line of books and stories of the Arthurian legend. Merlin, Lancelot, The lady of the lake, King Arthur, and Excaliber are all very important in the Arthurian legend. In this essay we will talk about King Arthur, the knights of the round table, and Merlin in the famous story, The sword in the stone. The Sword in the stone is a book about an adopted child named wart. He is of royal blood and does not know this. One day when Wart is in the forest, he finds a magician named Merlin. Merlin comes home with Wart and agrees with Sir Ector, Wart’s guardian, to become Wart’s tutor. Merlin goes about educating Wart by†¦show more content†¦Each ant and has specific task, which it completes repeatedly. The absolute power exerted by the leader destroys all individualism, leaving the ants with no creativity. Instead, they use trail and error to complete tasks that should take only a small amount of thought. Wart sees this occur when an ant tries with difficulty to organize three cadavers in a small burial chamber, when a small amount of reasoning would of solved the problem quickly. The ants are of a collective mind, so that what one thinks, they all think. They go about their daily lives oblivious to the control the leader has over them. In the final transformation Wart visits the badger. The badger is a great philosopher who enjoys giving scholarly commentaries. While Wart is visiting him, he explains a story he has written on the creation of the animal kingdom’s hierarchy. In his commentary he explains how man answered God’s riddle and is awarded control over the animal kingdom. He lives a life of solitude because many other animals do not think at his level. They listen he is old and experienced, and with this comes respect. Through each of his transformations, Wart sees different uses of power. Wart must choose how he will eventually govern his kingdom. The leaders he visits, govern in their own way, each retaining their power through different methods. When these are combined, the following picture of how a leader should or should not rule emerges. A leader should not attemptShow MoreRelated Arthurian Legend Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesArthurian Legend Even though the Arthur legend is hundreds of years old, our culture today is still fascinated with the idea of the Round Table and the love triangle between Arthur, Lancelot, and Guinevere. There are movies and books galore to read about the different takes on the legend of Arthur. However, it makes one wonder if our culture really understands the Arthurian legend. Especially in the movies the central idea of a literary work can be lost. Compared to Malory’s Le Morte d’ArthurRead MoreKing Arthur And The Arthurian Legend906 Words   |  4 Pagesother famous Arthurian legends were believed to be mostly truth in the 11th Century. Many people enjoyed the idea that their history once contained a time of chivalry and wonder such as the tall tales described. Indeed, some today believe the same. However, King Arthur, despite being an influential figure from the 11th century onwards, was mostly a work a fiction, his tales and legends an amalgamation of truth and fantasy with so me historical basis and much exaggeration. Arthurian legend is a blendRead MoreArthurian Legends Effects on English Society1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrole did the great King Arthur play in the way English Literature is perceived? The Arthurian Legends reveal King Arthur as a chivalrous king and not as a historical figure but as a myth of mass amounts of achievements. From his search of the Holy Grail, to his perfect society in Camelot and his development of the Round Table, King Arthur’s legend displayed his heroic character. Through the many countless legends of the glorious King Arthur, England’s society underwent a drastic change in the outlookRead MoreEssay on King Arthur: Distinguishing Fact from Fiction877 Words   |  4 Pageswell-known tales, myths and legends are brought into the light. Many stories revolve around themes such as young Arthur pulling the sword out of the stone, the epic love/hate relationship between the wizards Merlin and Morgana, and the valiant conquests of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. The Sword in the Stone talks about a young stable boy by the name of Arthur. When his master loses his sword, young Arthur runs back to the city and pulls a sword out of a stone; completely unaware ofRead MoreThe Mythical Tale Of King Arthur Written By Thomas Mallory1619 Words   |  7 Pagesmystical realm or enjoy nobility and what they do behind closed doors, then read Le Morte D’Arthur. Or, if you love conflict that is between the desires of the flesh, but also desires and responsibility of being King of Britain, then you may find the legend of King Arthur just your cup of tea to read. A myth can have a number of functions for the society that believed it true, and it is true with King Arthur as well. The function that one will discuss in this paper will be that of the Metaphysical (Mystical)Read MoreArthurian Legend - Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesArthurian Legend,  group  of  tales  in  several languages that concern the legendary King Arthur of the Britons, his realm, and the knights of his inner circle. The legend is one of the most enduring tales in recorded history. It first appeared in the 5th or 6th century ad and took its basic form between the 12th and 15th centuries. It continues as a popular subject in modern times. The  legend  presents  Arthur as a leader in ancient times who defeats the Saxons and other enemies. He thereby unitesRead More Myths, Legends, and King Arthur Essay1807 Words   |  8 PagesMyths, Legends, and King Arthur Throughout the dawns of time, people have recorded lives and made histories about the past, the people and all of their dramatics. One such story is Le morte dArthur, or in English, the Death of Arthur. Despite its French title, the actual text was written in English. It is a twenty-one book series written by Sir Thomas Malory in 1469-1470 describing in detail the problematic lives of the Arthurian legends. Sir Thomas Malory was believed to be born inRead MoreThe Legend Of King Arthur1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early 800’s. Through the ages more caught on to these Arthurian Legends, and they began to embrace them as part of their culture. Some believe that he is only a legend, yet others believe that there is even an Arthur living among us today. While growing up, Arthur was oblivious to his heritage. From becoming a King at the age of 16, Arthur showed courage and strength in the darkest of times. This is why King Arthur, a mythological legend, was a brave warrior and man at heart whose betrayal andRead MoreKing Arthur Literary Analysis3547 Words   |  15 Pagesliterature, stories, cinema, and legend. King Arthur has always been a long-standing icon of heroism, and heroism is a theme mankind takes pleasure in romanticizing. Arthurian Romance is the classic example of good versus evil, knights in shining armor, forbidden love, and sorcery; the basic elements of a romanticiz ed tale. And in a dark time where religion clashed, empires fought in epic battles, and the people of Britain suffered from poverty and disease, Arthurian legend was needed to lift the spiritsRead MoreKing Arthur Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe stories and legends surrounding the character of King Arthur are among the best known of all stories about kings and knights. The stories and legends surrounding the character of King Arthur are among the best known of all stories about kings and knights. He is the greatest of British literary heroes, although little is known about the real person. Folklore and literature provide examples of a recurrent myth about a leader or hero who has not really died, but is asleep somewhere or

The Future Of The Web - 1074 Words

The future of the web relies on open web standards. Discuss. Introduction The Internet is an amazing space of creativity and originality. As the years go on, and the Internet is becoming more integral in the modern world, this means that a few believe that the creators of the content should follow rules. These rules are further to help cover web developers with open source development. This essay will discuss what open web standard is, who is the organization around it, and what can be taken from these policies. What is Open Web Standard? The first question to be raised about this topic is what exactly is open web standard. Well, the standards come from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The W3C standards are â€Å"for application†¦show more content†¦However, web standards are not the Internet equivalent of law. It is more of code that is widely popular among websites. These website help each other to create a better product for the user. â€Å"we’ve built web technologies in the bazaar-style of the open source development ethos, but standardizing those technologies is a cathedral-building activity†. (Burson, 2015) If one were to break down this statement by Burson, it would show several key points. The term open source development shows that multiple developers work together on the same source to solve their issues. Claiming that this is ‘cathedral-building activity’ is to show that these cathedrals help users to capitalize on standardization. What Do The W3C Want? Arguably the main organization for web standards, The World Wide Web Consortium is the top advocate for the standards. This is an organization that wants to lead the Internet to its full potential. In other words, this group wishes to create a social value for the Internet. As well as, making the Internet available to people around the world without discrimination. (W3C) Benefits Of Open Web Standards Now that the general idea of open web standards is understood, another question to be asked is what are the benefits of this? Well there are several answers to that question. The most common would be cost; mainly that one could save on cost. If one compares the web standards to older style websites it can save cost by

How new words are created in English Free Essays

Knowing the relationships of sound and meaning of each word, we will be able to understand how new words are created in English. Basically, there are several ways that new words can be created: by inventing a new sound sequence and referring it to a meaning, by altering the meaning of an existing word without altering the pronunciation, or by modify or expanding the sound sequence of an existing word. The first way refers to acronyms, which are words formed from the initial letters of a phrase. We will write a custom essay sample on How new words are created in English or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, IPA is the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, whereas others, such as NASA from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, are pronounced like words instead of a succession of letter names. Some acronyms are written lowercase, causing people to forget their origins and becoming entire new independent words. For instance, ‘radar’ derives from radio detecting and ranging. Also, parts of words are clipped to become shorter; for example, examination was shortened as ‘exam’, ‘phone’ from telephone, and ‘flu’ from influenza. Last, there are blends which are words made by combining syllables from different words. Examples are ‘motel’ from the first syllable of motor plus the second syllable of hotel, ‘infotainment’ from the first two syllables of information plus the last two syllables of entertainment. Second, the meaning of a word may be generalized, for example, ‘Kleenex’ is originally a brand name for facial tissue. But now it refers to facial tissue in general. ‘Silhouette’, now means dark outline being seen against light, was taken from the name of Etienne de Silhouette. Also, we can change the category of words, such as ‘people’, which is a noun mostly meaning the plural of person, can also be a verb meaning populate a place. Finally, there is the metaphorical extension of existing words, like to ‘chew’ on an idea meaning to ponder on it. Another way is to compound individual words. Two nouns, say, honey and moon, are joined together to form the compound noun, ‘honeymoon’. The adjective mobile is joined with the noun phone to form the compound noun ‘mobile phone’. The preposition under is joined with wear to form the compound noun ‘underwear’. The verb play is joined with the noun ground to form the compound noun ‘playground’. As for all these compounds, the last word of each compound gives the collective meaning. New words are also formed by borrowing form other languages, and the words have been assimilated into English. For example, there are words from French, like brochure, from Japanese, like sushi, from German, like beer, and so on. Moreover, some words are created by onomatopoeia. Humans mimic the sounds of nature and use these sounds as referents for the sources of sound, such as buzz, whiz. How to cite How new words are created in English, Papers

Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems

Introduction Racism and ethnicity have been critical issues in the society with several blacks and non-whites suffering prejudice in some European countries. Since the world came to acknowledge these antisocial practices as core perpetrators to global social justice, research and social studies have considered the two issues as part of the most important aspects to cover.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to restore social justice and educate the society on the impacts of racism and ethnicity, several literal sources have emerged. In this context, this essay compares Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer (1978) and What It’s like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith (1955). The works of these authors explore various themes such as race or ethnicity, prejudice, the quest for freedom, and inequality in differen t societies. The focus of this essay is on the theme of race or ethnicity that both Gordimer and Smith explore in their works. The essay shall compare and contrast the two works with regard to literary style, form, and content. Overview of Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer Gordimer has written several novels and short stories. The author has the ability to create a short story with well-informed themes, which engage the readers. In Country Lovers, Gordimer portrays the struggle of a black woman during the Apartheid epoch in South Africa and the harsh realities that black women tolerated during these dark moments. The story uncovers a forbidden relationship between Thebedi, an African black woman and her white master’s son, Paulus. Country Lovers’ central theme revolves around the tough and traumatizing moments that Thebedi experienced. The story reveals several inconsiderate behaviors practiced by the white bosses in South Africa during the Apartheid regime including r acial prejudice, characters inner struggles, and confusion. Gordimer manages to capture several ways in which people suffer in a racial discriminative society as they undergo and endure catastrophic moments. Gordimer uses the theme of racism and ethnicity in order to provoke high-levels of human emotions within few pages of the story. Gordimer presents the story of love between a white skinned Afrikaner and a black skinned girl in a farm setting. Gordimer notes, â€Å"The trouble was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to realize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowds of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sister’s old clothes† (Gordimer, 1978, p.332). It is obvious that Paulus developed a love for the black, Thebedi.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author writes, â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighbor ing farms wore bikinis, but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came† (Gordimer, 1978, p.333). The society and the law did not approve of such relationships in South Africa during the Apartheid era. Paulus reminded Thebedi about their forbidden relationship, he told her, â€Å"each time, when they would meet again because they cannot be seen in public together† (Clugston, 2010, p. 45). During the apartheid regime in South Africa, the laws of that nation considered the relationship between white and the black as an offence that bordered on immorality. Immorality Act 1950 to 1985 of the Apartheid prohibited all forms of sexual relations between blacks and whites, including any sign of an existing relationship in public. Another law of 1949 known as the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act banned all interracial marriages in South Africa (Tyson, 1999). Such laws caused serious problems for Paul us and Thebedi because their secret love affair was against the Immorality Act. It was against the South African laws for the two lovers to express their affair in public and thus they decided to keep it as a secret affair. Gordimer notes, â€Å"She had to get away before the house servants who knew her came in at dawn† (Gordimer, 1978, p.334). Thebedi and Paulus kept their affair going despite harsh laws discouraging interracial relations. Gordimer notes that both black and white children would play together when they were young, but when the whites attend school, â€Å"they soon don’t play together anymore† (Gordimer, 1978, p.332). This assertion implies that racism had minimal influences on children and reveals the forbidden relationship between the two races, with white leaders living in South Africa fearing that the school relationship would result in unintended social affairs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethnicity in Nad ine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This aspect marks the spread of racism among children. It shows that boarding schools created a sense of superiority among whites and consequently blacks referred to their former friends as â€Å"missus and baasie†. The racial inequalities and injustices existed even in the most human contemporary issues including formal education (Clugston, 2010). It is eminent throughout the story, especially between the two main actors who were lovers, that Blacks and whites had different levels of education. The level of education between Paulus and Thebedi was distinct, with the African woman having very little education compared to her lover, Paulus. Overview of What it’s like to be a Black Girl, by Smith The poem, What it’s like to be a Black Girl, is one of the credible works of Patricia Smith. Patricia Smith was born in 1955 and is a renowned American poet, a playwright, credible books author, an intellectual writing teacher, verbal word performer, and a former journalist (Lazar, 1993). The poem, What it’s like to be a Black Girl explores the issue of racism in a jagged society. The persona (a black girl) is at the threshold of puberty and feels a sense of discomfort with her changing physical body and mind as she hopes for better changes. Smith uses narration in order to drive her point of racism to readers in the first three lines of the poem. The style relies on â€Å"jagged sentence structure† (Pfeiler, 2003, p.48) coupled with a language of profanity to show her readers the seriousness of the poem. Thus, one can understand young black girls’ lives in 1950s when she wrote the poem. Smith explores how racism affected black women in her time. Racism went to the extent of affecting health of women in society. For instance, transition into womanhood was an ordeal for black girls in a racial society, â€Å"it ’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence† (Smith, 1955). Consequently, black girls embraced puberty with a sense of confusion and sadness, scared of the social torments that affected their social life; the persona admits, â€Å"First of all, it’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong† (Smith, 1955).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Every teenage girl experiences such thoughts. However, Smith introduces the idea of racially jagged society and its pressure on girls by using a â€Å"black girl†. The society is changing for young black girls. As a result, young girls have to find means of fitting in a racially jagged society using several ways. The black women in the racial affiliated society adopted alternative means for survival to enable them to fit and survive in these societies. In her poem, Smith postulates, â€Å"It’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence. It’s popping a bleached white mop head over the kinks of your hair and priming in front of the mirrors that deny your reflection† (Smith, 1955). The usage of â€Å"food coloring in eyes and hair bleaching† (Smith, 1955) show how a young black girl would struggle to grow into acceptable woman in a racial society in a bid to look like the whites who had hazel eyes and bro wnish hair. She aims to be like white women, who have white skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes for men to admire her. Black women had the perception that during this moment the white nature was attractive to men. Comparative analysis of the stories History-Historical analysis requires readers’ knowledge of historical events of the time (Tyson, 1999). This aspect enables readers to understand the form and context of literary works in the context of history. Therefore, one can understand both Country Lover and What It’s like to be a Black Girl in the context of history. The two stories connect with the historical life of the African people during the harsh time of colonization, where the whites practiced injustices during their stay in Africa. Readers can only imagine what blacks experienced at the time of Apartheid and its effects on mixed raced relationships. For instance, Gordimer notes the common conversation between Paulus and Thebedi in their affair as the man kept o n reminding his lover about their forbidden affair, â€Å"He told her, each time, when they would meet again because they cannot be seen in public together† (Clugston, 2010, p.45). Such statements really affected Thebedi as a black woman. From the above sentence, one can understand why the relationship between Thebedi and Paulus was socially wrong. The Apartheid laws prohibited such relationships between mixed races, which is a clear indication of how the situation was during the apartheid regime in South Africa. A reflection of history is clearer where a part from typical social affairs, the colonial rules intended to oppress most African children, who seemed to access little or no education during the critical colonial era. The white people controlled most aspects of social life in South Africa including rights to formal education (Lazar, 1993). Their children attended best schools and learned ideas about racial segregation in society. On the other hand, blacks learned to r espect white people as they grew up, which formed part of their social growth. Therefore, understanding the historical context of Country Lover enables readers to understand the position of a black woman when Paulus murdered the baby. Form of writing (Short story and Poem) Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer (1978) and What It’s like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith (1955) exist in different forms of writing and style, but carries similar themes. Both the poem and the short story show historical forms and settings. Gordimer and Smith wrote their works at a time when racism was a dominant factor in the relationship between whites and blacks. Apartheid reflected racial discrimination in South Africa, whereas sense of skin color discrimination showed racial discrimination in the American society. Both works show that racism and ethnicity influenced all aspects of life including individual appearances and interracial marriages. In the case of Thebedi, racism denied Thebedi just ice following the murder of her child. Within the historical context, Gordimer aims to invoke social protest using her short story. She highlights and draws readers’ attention to contemporary social problems in South Africa as she hopes for change (Lazar, 1993). On the other hand, the poem depicts a black girl struggling to fit in a racial society (Smith, 1955). Therefore, one can only understand lives of Black Americans during racial segregation and discrimination based on skin color. In the poem, one can relate to the struggle of a young black as she struggles to grow into an acceptable woman in a racial society (Pfeiler, 2003). Smith uses the form of confessional poetry in which she explores experiences of black women with unusual frankness. This aspect underscored the 1950s when writers condemned social issues in society. Smith aims to bring readers’ attention to social pressures that black women experience in order to gain acceptance in a racial society. Smith als o uses her poem as a form of social protest with the hope that social circumstances will improve as she notes, â€Å"it’s finally have a man reach out for you then caving in around his fingers† (Smith, 1955). Content and style of the writing The contents of What It’s like to be a Black Girl and Country Lover have women to depict racism in societies as they deal with unfairness in societies as protagonists of the story. Both writers use black women because such acts mostly affect them in society. Smith uses vocal style to express her feelings in the poem. This style of expression enables readers to understand that being a black woman in a racial society is tough. The author uses words, which arouse a sense of sadness and indignation such as â€Å"everything wild† and â€Å"suffering their burn in silence†. Thus, a black girl must engage in activities, which will make her to look like a white woman for social acceptance. The sense of bitterness drive s the poet to use profane language in her poem; for instance, â€Å"it’s learning to say fuck with grace, and fucking without it† (Smith, 1955). This aspect symbolizes the way a black woman feels in a racial society. Gordimer presents her work from a third person point of view, which means that the author utilized third person to express and refer the characters in their social setting. Writing in the third person means that apart from using the characters’ names, the writer used words like he or she and him or her to refer to individual characters in the story. Another important issue to note in the story about the third party view is that the narrator does not participate in the story. The narrator sometimes avoided using real characters’ names during the writing of the story, in that sense. The narrator acts only as an implied character, whose participation only relates to the audience. This style enables the writer to present the story in an unbiased manner without authorial bias, noting very well that the author in the context of self defense might write stories in their favor. Gordimer and Smith show that children do not understand differences in society due to racism. For instance, in the poem, the black girl has â€Å"a sad tone and does not understand why she is different† (Pfeiler, 2003, p.50). On the other side, the short story shows that both white and black children play together when they are young. However, as they grow up, racism influences their actions and feelings, which is a clear indication of ethnicity and racism in the current world. Paulus ends up killing Thebedi’s child while the black girl has to endure suffering in silence because she has to end up in an affair she did not like. The authors show that racism is destructive irrespective of where it occurs. From these female characters, one can understand what it meant to grow up during the Apartheid era in South Africa in the 1970s and in the U S in 1950s during racial segregation and discrimination. Conclusion It is easy to conclude that the two literary works present historical realities of racism in different settings. It is evident that racial and ethnical bias has existed in the society from a historical point of view. Despite several literary works that have been enhanced by writers in the current world, the racial situation has existed to the latter. Historical circumstances shape events of these literary works (Clugston, 2010). Therefore, these literary works use women protagonists in order to expose harsh realities, which black women experience in racial societies. Societies of the 1900s regarded interracial romance as a taboo due to racial prejudice at the time. Consequently, such racial prejudice could only lead to devastating consequences. The style, form, and content of both works show how whites in South Africa and the US heightened racial tension in which blacks suffered in most cases. Therefore, one can lea rn of social stigma of being black as a social reality of the problem at the time. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Gordimer, N. (1978). Town and Country Lover. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. Lazar, K. (1993). Feminism as Piffling’? Ambiguities in Nadine Gordimer’s Short Stories. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Pfeiler, M. (2003). Sounds of Poetry: Contemporary American Performance Poets. Tubingen, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag. Smith, P. (1955). What It’s Like To Be A Black Girl (for Those of You Who Aren’t). Web. Tyson, L. (1999). Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. New York, NY: Garland Publishing. This essay on Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems was written and submitted by user Derrick Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.